Scholars have long known that the Egyptian  Ptolemaic monarchy underwent a transformation between 323 and 30 BC. The  queens of that dynasty started as subordinates of the kings but ended  as their superiors. Exactly when and how this change occurred has proven  problematic for modern scholars. R.A. Hazzard argues that this change  was put in motion by Ptolemy II, who glorified his sister ArsinoT and  made acceptable a civilian style of kingship based on piety towards his  real and mythical ancestors. Ptolemy's support and elevation of his  sister inspired the queens of the line to assert themselves at the  expense of their male associates. The process culminated in the absolute  rule of Kleopatra VII after 47 BC.
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Imagination of a Monarchy - Studies in Ptolemaic Propaganda
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