This book presents new research on cognitive science which is most  simply defined as the scientific study either of mind or of  intelligence. It is an interdisciplinary study drawing from relevant  fields including psychology, philosophy, neuroscience, linguistics,  anthropology, computer science, biology, and physics. There are several  approaches to the study of cognitive science. These approaches may be  classified broadly as symbolic, connectionist, and dynamic systems.  Symbolic holds that cognition can be explained using operations on  symbols, by means of explicit computational theories and models of  mental (but not brain) processes analogous to the workings of a digital  computer. Connectionist (subsymbolic) holds that cognition can only be  modelled and explained by using artificial neural networks on the level  of physical brain properties.Hybrid systems hold that cognition is best  modelled using both connectionist and symbolic models, and possibly  other computational techniques. "Dynamic Systems" hold that cognition  can be explained by means of a continuous dynamical system in which all  the elements are interrelated, like the Watt Governor. The essential  questions of cognitive science seem to be: what is intelligence? and how  is it possible to model it computationally?
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